Children and Gadgets: What do parents and teachers
Read excerpts from the book of Doctor of Medicine on how to make electronic devices useful component of a child's development and learning.
Benefits and harms of any technology depends on their proper use. MD, a neuropsychiatrist and director of education programs at European business schools Theo Kompernolle wrote the book "The brain is freed," in which he argues that the electronic media have become a hindrance to productive mental activity, and makes recommendations that will help to use them more effectively.
Multi-tasking and constant connected to the digital device leads to the fact that we spend a tremendous amount of energy to switch between different contexts, rather than focus on something one.
We do not yet know how to use new technologies so that they do not harm our intellectual productivity. This requires an understanding of the basic mechanisms of our brain.
This concerns not only the older generation, but also the "digital natives" - children and adolescents who were born in the information age. As shown by numerous studies, they are adapted to life in conditions of constant connected no better. And often children use dostizheiya technological progress is not in order to learn more, and to do less:
Control the proliferation of gadgets has become impossible to write. It solves one picture and makes the newsletter in WhatsApp. Only one way out - to prohibit and to select.
- Julia B., director of one of the schools of St. Petersburg
The problem is not that children make use of ICTs, and what they do
The problem with giperpodklyuchёnnostyu is not that what you're doing, and what do not. For example, you do not master the art of communication and verbal communication. Do not learn in practice, do not exercise and other physical activity, do not try to focus, not practice in-depth reading, do not learn to think. And do not learn.
I recently saw a young family, where month-old child was playing with the tablet! Parents were pleased that their son knows such a "difficult" game, where you need to move the stars, squares, circles and triangles in the appropriate holes. Every time the baby cope with the task, cheerful melody sounded.
I asked the parents if their boy toy like - you know, a large wooden or plastic cube with holes of different shapes, which teaches children that need to shove the ball into a round hole, a square cube, etc. Mom and Dad said, "No. Why buy this thing, if the kid can play in the same game, and in many other games on the tablet? "
2016 June 27 deti-gajety1
These parents do not realize the importance: the manipulation of real objects of the physical world gives the child a completely different, much more rich, multi-sensory and effective learning experience.
In the same week I met a couple who were proud of their 10-year-old child he learned to build complex structures made of Lego ... on your computer screen. But to collect virtual items on the screen and the actual hands - two completely different things.
It is good that these kids learned to perform complex operations on the plates. But the problem is that they have not mastered these skills in the real world, because they spent all their time for gadget screens.
Another illustrative example - printing and writing by hand. Some educators believe today is useless to spend time and energy on something to teach children to write by hand. Teachers follow the path of least resistance and teach even the youngest children to type on the keyboard, as if the sole purpose of writing skills - to display the letters on a computer screen. Do not get me wrong, this is a very good idea - to teach children to touch-type at an early age.
But teachers forget that typing on the keyboard and write by hand - these are two very dissimilar skill, and they require different hand-eye coordination.
In short, when we're writing by hand, our visual attention and motor activity are concentrated on the tip of a pencil, we can even feel the structure of the paper - as if this is the tip of our sensors. When we print our visual and motor activity are separated: his eyes focused on the screen, and physical activity - on the keyboard.
Of course, this does not mean that as an activity on the keyboard typing worse handwriting. However, when you type on the computer, we get immediate results. A benefit of writing by hand - in the fact that it is a slow, vysokoskoordinirovanny visual-motor process. To get a readable result, it requires complete concentration and constant attention to what is going on on the tip of a pencil.
2016 June 27 deti-gajety2
In the process, the child also learns to recognize patterns. The keyboard letter "A" is always the same. In the process of writing the child learns that there are many different ways to write "A", and learns to recognize the letter even in pitch scribbles.
Compared with printing teaching writing is much better developed characters recognition skill and allows for a long time to remember them. It lays a solid foundation for the development of reading. Not only reading. The ability to recognize patterns and firmly remember the letters provide the foundation for the development of many of the language skills of a higher order.
I believe that the handwriting leisurely process better prepares the brain to "slow thinking."
Daniel Kahneman uses this term for the reflective brain activity. From my own experience I know that much easier to understand and remember something, when to take notes on paper (although, of course, this may be due to the fact that I belong to the older generation, who grew up without ICT). I have not found any research on this topic. But I worked a lot with the secretaries-typists - before the advent of personal computers. So, when they are typed under my dictation, something totally did not use your thinking brain.
They relied exclusively on the brain reflex and typing skills are honed. They could print text without a single error, but did not remember its contents. When they were handwritten minutes of meetings, it is often better able to remember me for who and what he said. Therefore, it seems to me that keeping notes on the laptop can increase the amount of text, but the negative impact on its memorization, understanding and, above all, to "slow thinking." However, the "jury" (ie society) has not yet rendered a verdict on the matter.
When I had to give this book to the publisher, I was still in the hands of an unpublished report of an interesting study. This information confirmed my findings.
Researchers Pam Mueller and Daniel Oppenheimer of Princeton University conducted a series of experiments and found that the notes with pen and paper is different from the note-taking on the laptop less text, the best memorization of facts and conceptual understanding.
In this test, which outlined a computer, asked not to verbatim records. The researchers concluded that pen and paper cause people to not only record, but also to process information.
here's what we can say in general. Well, if children learned to work on the keyboard. But a mistake to consider this skill as high a level as handwriting. In addition, we must consider: what are the negative consequences in terms of further training, if you refuse to teach children handwriting.
And the last priority, but not the most important point relates to the fact that many children lack giperpodklyuchёnnye full social relationships in real life. After all, they often interrupt the live conversation sessions, virtual communication.
2016 June 27 deti-gajety3
And the problem here is not so much that these kids do - in fact in virtual communication there is nothing wrong - and what they do when no longer pay attention to his companion and a rich palette of non-verbal messages that accompany the live communication.
Barbara Fredrickson perfectly sums up the problem in his article: "It is in such a wave of warm feelings mikromomenty covers two people, their minds, their bodies and their souls. This wave creates their capacity for empathy, and even improve their health. "
But there is bad news: if the skill of emotional contact is not used for a long time, it can deteriorate. The assertion that communication influences health, it may seem far-fetched. But [...] Many studies show: positive social interactions can be a major factor that has a positive impact on our ability to handle stress.
What should parents and teachers?
It is interesting that these computer specialists and fans of digital technology - leading employees of companies from Silicon Valley, such as Google, Apple, Yahoo, Hewlett-Packard, etc., - the right to understand the problem and pay big money for the education of their children in private schools where there are no computers. Moreover, they limit their children's use of electronic devices in homes! After all, there are many non-virtual children's games, you can use to develop important skills. And you need to master these skills at an early age.
If as a child you did not play with blocks, did not collect the constructor, it is unlikely you will be able to learn it in adult life. In the development of the whole child must have their time and place.
This is probably not a coincidence - the fact that the founders of Google, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the founder of Amazon, Jeff Bezos, Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, the founder of Wikipedia Jimmy Wales and The Sims designer Will Wright game went to Montessori schools.
One of the purposes of teaching in these schools - stimulate independent, multi-sensory exploration of the world in "correctly prepared" environment where there is a limited but carefully chosen set of objects and materials that contribute to the development of the child. Another goal - to promote collaboration without the spirit of competition and even without ratings.
Computer geniuses, forbidding their children to use gadgets, know from personal experience how much giperpodklyuchёnnost and multitasking can harm productivity and creativity. They are smart and savvy ICT to realize that the intensive use of the Internet and electronic gadgets has nothing to do with computer literacy.
2016 June 27 deti-gajety4
It is no accident Randi Zuckerberg, founder of social networking site Facebook and sister of its Marketing Director, she wrote a children's book "Point", which offers teenagers disconnect from technology toys and begin to live in a wonderful, full of adventure real world.
Randy did it when her own daughter was seriously fascinated by gadgets.
The task of parents and teachers - to teach children to use technology for the benefit of themselves and not to harm. This does not mean you have to deal with ICT, like the Luddites. This means that it is necessary to teach children to turn off all electronic gadgets (with the exception of music - for some extroverts), has not yet done their homework. This means that it is necessary to teach children computer skills: to explain to them how to use ICT in learning and self-development, how to set priorities and not allow ICT to overshadow other aspects of life.
And most importantly - children need to learn to work and think in a consistent, single task mode. Parents, teachers and children will be much easier to do this if they have at least minimal knowledge about the specifics of the human brain.
To properly use ICT, children must first learn how to work our fantastic brain. And then get acquainted with electronic gadgets.
First and most importantly, what parents and teachers have to obtain from the children - is to concentrate and focus on one task. The focus of attention should take as much time as needed to complete the task. Here the girls have some advantage over the boys: they are usually more than reading, and reading develops concentration. And besides, reading teaches us to think.
2016 June 27 deti-gajety5
Convincing children that multitasking is inefficient, it is possible in an entertaining way. There are a lot of games, tests and experiments that demonstrate the negative impact of multitasking and giperpodklyuchёnnosti.
For example, one of these experiments. It is necessary to divide the students into two groups. One of them placed in a multitasking environment: let the teacher explains a new material at the TV, turned on the news channel - for example, on CNN with their intense and energetic visuals comments. And another group is necessary to ensure that single-tasking environment, where the same teacher will give a lecture without distracting external factors. It is obvious that the students in the first group will learn and remember the material much worse than in the second.
Unfortunately, many teachers do not know about the negative impact of multitasking. They allow their pupils and students to use during class tablet and smartphone - ostensibly to maintain records and assignments. But do not test than students do in fact. Meanwhile, the researchers found that some classes only 10% of students used their gadgets really for training purposes.
The survey found that even students of leading universities such as MIT, convinced extraneous activities, for example, communication in social networks, does not prevent them to assimilate important information.
But, as I have said, numerous studies multitasking argue that this is not so. When the class is divided into two halves and allowed one of them to use in the classroom electronic devices, and the other - no, the other half immediately ahead of the first on all indicators of assimilation and memorization of material. In addition, the students do not notice how much time is actually the screens of their gadgets are filled with extraneous things. And underestimate the negative impact of multitasking on the effectiveness of their training.
Perhaps teachers who allow such behavior, consider that the need to keep up with the times and not to limit the pupils and students in the use of ICT. Or do they believe that the task of the teacher - so students interested in his subject, to make them forget about digital toys.
2016 June 27 deti-gajety6
It is very naive point of view, because even the most brilliant teacher can hardly win the "sticky" device in the war for the attention of the students.
After all, gadgets are specially designed to attract attention and entertain.
Excessive liberalism teachers and incorrect assessment of the situation can result in missed opportunities for students. Children should understand the difference between the use of ICT for entertainment and consumption (which makes them slaves and slave) and controlled use of these technologies for productive purposes. Very often parents and teachers do not distinguish between the two approaches, and mistakenly believe that the primitive use of ICT for information and entertainment consumption develops in children digital literacy.
Krsnera Paul and his team describe three popular myth in education that are relevant to our discussion.
All of them - variations on the theme that the student "knows better" and should be the central figure, which determines the whole learning process. Let me quote an excerpt from their article:
The first myth is that the current generation of students (ie, generation of digital natives) can learn with the help of new media. Therefore, the "old" methods and means of training on this generation is no longer valid.
The second myth is based on the widespread belief that each person is inherent in his own style of learning. Therefore, education must be individualized as much as possible: students must have personal training programs that match their preferences.
Finally, the third myth is: it is necessary to expand the opportunities for self-education of students, to allow them to decide for themselves what to learn, and in what mode.
However, in our time it has become clear that pupils and students are not able to manage even their virtual learning. What to say about how to build effective individual school or university programs and discipline to stick to them! Experience shows that young people often can not even find useful information on the Internet.
There are many other myths about education, and they are refuted by the results of research. At one end of the continuum are the myths, until finally disproved, but clearly false or, at least, which are excessive generalization.
Read excerpts from the book of Doctor of Medicine on how to make electronic devices useful component of a child's development and learning.
Benefits and harms of any technology depends on their proper use. MD, a neuropsychiatrist and director of education programs at European business schools Theo Kompernolle wrote the book "The brain is freed," in which he argues that the electronic media have become a hindrance to productive mental activity, and makes recommendations that will help to use them more effectively.
Multi-tasking and constant connected to the digital device leads to the fact that we spend a tremendous amount of energy to switch between different contexts, rather than focus on something one.
We do not yet know how to use new technologies so that they do not harm our intellectual productivity. This requires an understanding of the basic mechanisms of our brain.
This concerns not only the older generation, but also the "digital natives" - children and adolescents who were born in the information age. As shown by numerous studies, they are adapted to life in conditions of constant connected no better. And often children use dostizheiya technological progress is not in order to learn more, and to do less:
Control the proliferation of gadgets has become impossible to write. It solves one picture and makes the newsletter in WhatsApp. Only one way out - to prohibit and to select.
- Julia B., director of one of the schools of St. Petersburg
The problem is not that children make use of ICTs, and what they do
The problem with giperpodklyuchёnnostyu is not that what you're doing, and what do not. For example, you do not master the art of communication and verbal communication. Do not learn in practice, do not exercise and other physical activity, do not try to focus, not practice in-depth reading, do not learn to think. And do not learn.
I recently saw a young family, where month-old child was playing with the tablet! Parents were pleased that their son knows such a "difficult" game, where you need to move the stars, squares, circles and triangles in the appropriate holes. Every time the baby cope with the task, cheerful melody sounded.
I asked the parents if their boy toy like - you know, a large wooden or plastic cube with holes of different shapes, which teaches children that need to shove the ball into a round hole, a square cube, etc. Mom and Dad said, "No. Why buy this thing, if the kid can play in the same game, and in many other games on the tablet? "
2016 June 27 deti-gajety1
These parents do not realize the importance: the manipulation of real objects of the physical world gives the child a completely different, much more rich, multi-sensory and effective learning experience.
In the same week I met a couple who were proud of their 10-year-old child he learned to build complex structures made of Lego ... on your computer screen. But to collect virtual items on the screen and the actual hands - two completely different things.
It is good that these kids learned to perform complex operations on the plates. But the problem is that they have not mastered these skills in the real world, because they spent all their time for gadget screens.
Another illustrative example - printing and writing by hand. Some educators believe today is useless to spend time and energy on something to teach children to write by hand. Teachers follow the path of least resistance and teach even the youngest children to type on the keyboard, as if the sole purpose of writing skills - to display the letters on a computer screen. Do not get me wrong, this is a very good idea - to teach children to touch-type at an early age.
But teachers forget that typing on the keyboard and write by hand - these are two very dissimilar skill, and they require different hand-eye coordination.
In short, when we're writing by hand, our visual attention and motor activity are concentrated on the tip of a pencil, we can even feel the structure of the paper - as if this is the tip of our sensors. When we print our visual and motor activity are separated: his eyes focused on the screen, and physical activity - on the keyboard.
Of course, this does not mean that as an activity on the keyboard typing worse handwriting. However, when you type on the computer, we get immediate results. A benefit of writing by hand - in the fact that it is a slow, vysokoskoordinirovanny visual-motor process. To get a readable result, it requires complete concentration and constant attention to what is going on on the tip of a pencil.
2016 June 27 deti-gajety2
In the process, the child also learns to recognize patterns. The keyboard letter "A" is always the same. In the process of writing the child learns that there are many different ways to write "A", and learns to recognize the letter even in pitch scribbles.
Compared with printing teaching writing is much better developed characters recognition skill and allows for a long time to remember them. It lays a solid foundation for the development of reading. Not only reading. The ability to recognize patterns and firmly remember the letters provide the foundation for the development of many of the language skills of a higher order.
I believe that the handwriting leisurely process better prepares the brain to "slow thinking."
Daniel Kahneman uses this term for the reflective brain activity. From my own experience I know that much easier to understand and remember something, when to take notes on paper (although, of course, this may be due to the fact that I belong to the older generation, who grew up without ICT). I have not found any research on this topic. But I worked a lot with the secretaries-typists - before the advent of personal computers. So, when they are typed under my dictation, something totally did not use your thinking brain.
They relied exclusively on the brain reflex and typing skills are honed. They could print text without a single error, but did not remember its contents. When they were handwritten minutes of meetings, it is often better able to remember me for who and what he said. Therefore, it seems to me that keeping notes on the laptop can increase the amount of text, but the negative impact on its memorization, understanding and, above all, to "slow thinking." However, the "jury" (ie society) has not yet rendered a verdict on the matter.
When I had to give this book to the publisher, I was still in the hands of an unpublished report of an interesting study. This information confirmed my findings.
Researchers Pam Mueller and Daniel Oppenheimer of Princeton University conducted a series of experiments and found that the notes with pen and paper is different from the note-taking on the laptop less text, the best memorization of facts and conceptual understanding.
In this test, which outlined a computer, asked not to verbatim records. The researchers concluded that pen and paper cause people to not only record, but also to process information.
here's what we can say in general. Well, if children learned to work on the keyboard. But a mistake to consider this skill as high a level as handwriting. In addition, we must consider: what are the negative consequences in terms of further training, if you refuse to teach children handwriting.
And the last priority, but not the most important point relates to the fact that many children lack giperpodklyuchёnnye full social relationships in real life. After all, they often interrupt the live conversation sessions, virtual communication.
2016 June 27 deti-gajety3
And the problem here is not so much that these kids do - in fact in virtual communication there is nothing wrong - and what they do when no longer pay attention to his companion and a rich palette of non-verbal messages that accompany the live communication.
Barbara Fredrickson perfectly sums up the problem in his article: "It is in such a wave of warm feelings mikromomenty covers two people, their minds, their bodies and their souls. This wave creates their capacity for empathy, and even improve their health. "
But there is bad news: if the skill of emotional contact is not used for a long time, it can deteriorate. The assertion that communication influences health, it may seem far-fetched. But [...] Many studies show: positive social interactions can be a major factor that has a positive impact on our ability to handle stress.
What should parents and teachers?
It is interesting that these computer specialists and fans of digital technology - leading employees of companies from Silicon Valley, such as Google, Apple, Yahoo, Hewlett-Packard, etc., - the right to understand the problem and pay big money for the education of their children in private schools where there are no computers. Moreover, they limit their children's use of electronic devices in homes! After all, there are many non-virtual children's games, you can use to develop important skills. And you need to master these skills at an early age.
If as a child you did not play with blocks, did not collect the constructor, it is unlikely you will be able to learn it in adult life. In the development of the whole child must have their time and place.
This is probably not a coincidence - the fact that the founders of Google, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the founder of Amazon, Jeff Bezos, Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, the founder of Wikipedia Jimmy Wales and The Sims designer Will Wright game went to Montessori schools.
One of the purposes of teaching in these schools - stimulate independent, multi-sensory exploration of the world in "correctly prepared" environment where there is a limited but carefully chosen set of objects and materials that contribute to the development of the child. Another goal - to promote collaboration without the spirit of competition and even without ratings.
Computer geniuses, forbidding their children to use gadgets, know from personal experience how much giperpodklyuchёnnost and multitasking can harm productivity and creativity. They are smart and savvy ICT to realize that the intensive use of the Internet and electronic gadgets has nothing to do with computer literacy.
2016 June 27 deti-gajety4
It is no accident Randi Zuckerberg, founder of social networking site Facebook and sister of its Marketing Director, she wrote a children's book "Point", which offers teenagers disconnect from technology toys and begin to live in a wonderful, full of adventure real world.
Randy did it when her own daughter was seriously fascinated by gadgets.
The task of parents and teachers - to teach children to use technology for the benefit of themselves and not to harm. This does not mean you have to deal with ICT, like the Luddites. This means that it is necessary to teach children to turn off all electronic gadgets (with the exception of music - for some extroverts), has not yet done their homework. This means that it is necessary to teach children computer skills: to explain to them how to use ICT in learning and self-development, how to set priorities and not allow ICT to overshadow other aspects of life.
And most importantly - children need to learn to work and think in a consistent, single task mode. Parents, teachers and children will be much easier to do this if they have at least minimal knowledge about the specifics of the human brain.
To properly use ICT, children must first learn how to work our fantastic brain. And then get acquainted with electronic gadgets.
First and most importantly, what parents and teachers have to obtain from the children - is to concentrate and focus on one task. The focus of attention should take as much time as needed to complete the task. Here the girls have some advantage over the boys: they are usually more than reading, and reading develops concentration. And besides, reading teaches us to think.
2016 June 27 deti-gajety5
Convincing children that multitasking is inefficient, it is possible in an entertaining way. There are a lot of games, tests and experiments that demonstrate the negative impact of multitasking and giperpodklyuchёnnosti.
For example, one of these experiments. It is necessary to divide the students into two groups. One of them placed in a multitasking environment: let the teacher explains a new material at the TV, turned on the news channel - for example, on CNN with their intense and energetic visuals comments. And another group is necessary to ensure that single-tasking environment, where the same teacher will give a lecture without distracting external factors. It is obvious that the students in the first group will learn and remember the material much worse than in the second.
Unfortunately, many teachers do not know about the negative impact of multitasking. They allow their pupils and students to use during class tablet and smartphone - ostensibly to maintain records and assignments. But do not test than students do in fact. Meanwhile, the researchers found that some classes only 10% of students used their gadgets really for training purposes.
The survey found that even students of leading universities such as MIT, convinced extraneous activities, for example, communication in social networks, does not prevent them to assimilate important information.
But, as I have said, numerous studies multitasking argue that this is not so. When the class is divided into two halves and allowed one of them to use in the classroom electronic devices, and the other - no, the other half immediately ahead of the first on all indicators of assimilation and memorization of material. In addition, the students do not notice how much time is actually the screens of their gadgets are filled with extraneous things. And underestimate the negative impact of multitasking on the effectiveness of their training.
Perhaps teachers who allow such behavior, consider that the need to keep up with the times and not to limit the pupils and students in the use of ICT. Or do they believe that the task of the teacher - so students interested in his subject, to make them forget about digital toys.
2016 June 27 deti-gajety6
It is very naive point of view, because even the most brilliant teacher can hardly win the "sticky" device in the war for the attention of the students.
After all, gadgets are specially designed to attract attention and entertain.
Excessive liberalism teachers and incorrect assessment of the situation can result in missed opportunities for students. Children should understand the difference between the use of ICT for entertainment and consumption (which makes them slaves and slave) and controlled use of these technologies for productive purposes. Very often parents and teachers do not distinguish between the two approaches, and mistakenly believe that the primitive use of ICT for information and entertainment consumption develops in children digital literacy.
Krsnera Paul and his team describe three popular myth in education that are relevant to our discussion.
All of them - variations on the theme that the student "knows better" and should be the central figure, which determines the whole learning process. Let me quote an excerpt from their article:
The first myth is that the current generation of students (ie, generation of digital natives) can learn with the help of new media. Therefore, the "old" methods and means of training on this generation is no longer valid.
The second myth is based on the widespread belief that each person is inherent in his own style of learning. Therefore, education must be individualized as much as possible: students must have personal training programs that match their preferences.
Finally, the third myth is: it is necessary to expand the opportunities for self-education of students, to allow them to decide for themselves what to learn, and in what mode.
However, in our time it has become clear that pupils and students are not able to manage even their virtual learning. What to say about how to build effective individual school or university programs and discipline to stick to them! Experience shows that young people often can not even find useful information on the Internet.
There are many other myths about education, and they are refuted by the results of research. At one end of the continuum are the myths, until finally disproved, but clearly false or, at least, which are excessive generalization.
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